Herbal medicine

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbal_medicine

Herbal medicine in India, deeply rooted in the 5,000-year-old tradition of Ayurveda, is one of the world's oldest, continuously practiced healing systems. Originating in the Vedic period (circa 1500–1000 BCE) with mentions in the Atharva Veda, it evolved through ancient texts like the Charaka Samhita (medicine) and Sushruta Samhita (surgery) to create a comprehensive system based on plants, minerals, and lifestyle. 

Key Historical Periods & Developments

Vedic Period (Pre-1000 BCE): The origins are found in the Rigveda and Atharva Veda, which mention numerous medicinal plants and the use of herbs for healing, establishing a foundation for a holistic approach to life (Ayurveda).

Classical/Samhita Period (600 BCE – 700 AD): This era saw the systematic recording of knowledge. The Charaka Samhita described over 341 plant-based remedies, while Sushruta Samhita detailed 395 medicinal plants and surgical techniques.

Post-Vedic/Medieval Period: The rise of Buddhism helped spread Ayurvedic knowledge. Later, from the 10th century onwards, the influence of Islamic medicine brought Unani, which was integrated into the existing Indian herbal system.

Colonial and Modern Period: During the 19th and early 20th centuries, traditional medicine faced a decline due to the rise of Western (allopathic) medicine. However, it underwent a major revival post-independence, supported by its incorporation into the Drug and Cosmetic Act and the creation of formal Ayurvedic pharmacopoeias. 

Fundamental Principles and Practice

Ashtanga Ayurveda: The system is divided into eight branches, including internal medicine (Kayachikitsa), surgery (Shalya), and pediatrics (Kaumar Bhritya).

Tri-Dosha Theory: Central to Indian herbal medicine is the balance of three bodily elements: Vata (air), Pitha (fire), and Kafa (water), as documented in the Charaka Samhita.

Drug Sources: Traditional medicine relies on a vast array of flora, with over 9,500 plant species used for various indigenous preparations. 

Global Significance

Historically, Indian spices and herbs were a major attraction for international traders. Today, Indian traditional medicine is a billion-dollar industry, with a significant increase in the global demand for "green medicine" and natural products.